1881

Russian pogroms cause devastation in the Pale of Settlement, southern Russia.

1882

Bilu [Bet Yaacov Lechu VeNelcha (Yeshayahu perek 2 or 3).] - first halutz [pioneering] movement founded in Kharkov, Russia.

Hibbat Tzion societies founded

Beginning of first Aliyah: migration/"ascension" of Jews from Russian Empire and Romania to Palestine.

Leon Pinsker, in Autoemancipation, argues the case for a Jewish State.

1883

Baron de Rothschild begins support of Jewish settlements in Eretz Yisrael.

1884

First Conference of Hovevei Tzion [Lovers of Zion] movement, headed by Pinsker, in Kattowicz.

1890-91

Large wave of Jews arrives from Russia